The “tree” here is the taxonomic tree of the organisms analysed, coloured by major group. The red bars on the outside of the tree show how many species have been

Biosignatures & Paleobiology Status Report eartharxiv.org November 12, 2025 Life processes and requirements resulting in the production of specific molecular structures that, if preserved, can function as biosignatures. B) OM

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Artist concept of a cloudy Earth-like exoplanet with colorful biota in the clouds. Adam B. Langeveld/Carl Sagan Institute. Adapted from NASA/Ames/JPL-Caltech. An exoplanet with dense or even total cloud cover