Enceladus plumes may hold a clear clue to ocean habitability

How can scientists estimate the pH level of Enceladus’ subsurface ocean without landing on its surface? This is what a study recently posted to the arXiv preprint server hopes to address as a team of scientists from Japan investigated new methods for sampling the plumes of Enceladus and have provided more accurate measurements of its pH levels. This study has the potential to help scientists better understand the subsurface ocean conditions on Enceladus and whether it’s suitable for life as we know it.