Earth biosignatures through time and their reflected light spectra. The left subplot shows estimates of Earth’s bulk atmospheric composition through time (advancing from top to bottom), and the figures on

The black line shows the IRTF/SpeX spectrum of 3I/ATLAS, normalized at 1.2 µm. Colored lines and shaded regions represent the mean and ±σ ranges for S-type (blue), D-type (red), and

Left: Planet-to-star mass ratio as a function of the planet semi-major axis for all planets orbiting M-dwarf stars. Darker coloured symbols correspond to planetary masses above 0.2 MJup. Horizontal dotted

The result of 100 successful simulations of the back20 model (the ring at 0.85 au with a 20% background) that produced a good match to all terrestrial planets (as defined

On the left is a cutout from a crowded field (visit id=2025070100200) centered on 3I/ATLAS. The red ring represents the LSST Science Pipeline’s aperture photometry radius (see Section 4.7). In

Results of the pRT retrievals for the atmosphere of HD 86226 c. Left: PACMAN spectrum (black data) and 1, 2, and 3σ percentiles of the spectra from the posteriors of