Averaged Raman spectra (a) acquired from A. thaliana grown on treated and untreated lunar regolith at 47 days old. Changes in the intensities of vibrational bands that can be assigned

Artist’s concept of protoplanetary disk, like the thirty studied for the ALMA AGE-PRO survey. The lifetime of the gas within the disk determines the timescale for planetary growth. Credit: NSF/AUI/NSF

Various small shelly fossils recovered from the beds surrounding the Cambrian reefs. Scale bar is 1 mm. Credit Photo courtesy Sarah Jacquet More than 514 million years ago, long before

Large dust grains observed surrounding outflows of young protostellar binary system L1551 IRS5. Credit: B. Saxton U.S. National Science Foundation/NSF National Radio Astronomy Observatory The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA)

The ice blanketed bedrock of the Transantarctic Mountains. Credit Timothy Paulsen A new study led by University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh geologist Timothy Paulsen and University of Colorado Boulder thermochronologist Jeff Benowitz

Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (hereafter, Roman) is NASA’s next astrophysics flagship mission. When fully operational in 2027, Roman will provide the astronomical community