(a): Total land fraction posteriors for the nominal Earth-like retrieval at different SNR with 50% cloud coverage. Given these conditions, an SNR of 20 is required for land detection. (b):

Scheme of a geothermal valley between two snow-covered Hadean volcanoes. The fumaroles, thermal springs, apron pools, and terracettes are shown based on the reconstruction of the 3.48 Ga old Hadean

The colour-magnitude diagram of the CPM companion stars to host stars of confirmed exoplanets (left) and TOI PCs (right), corrected for G band extinction. The background consists of the primary

Scientists can study protein solutions without interference from container walls and gravity driven forces present on Earth using the space station’s Ring Sheared Drop module. The device pins a drop

Graphical Abstract Understanding the chemical reactions that led to the origin of life is a fundamental challenge of chemistry. The formose reaction, an abiotic pathway to monosaccharides, provides a mechanism