A plot of a civilisation’s Technical Level (K) versus time. The window of detection is defined as the area under the growth lines that intersect with the human detection threshold.

Integrated energy flux from SWMF electron precipitation in the northern hemisphere during positive stellar magnetic field Bz and low By period with high proton density, dynamic pressure, and stellar wind

ASGSR 2025 The ASGSR Awards Committee is currently soliciting nominations for the awards listed below from the membership-at-large. The awards will be presented at the American Society for Gravitational and

Nano-DSF glass capillaries filled with different brines. Crystallisation processes can be observed at the extremities of the capillaries. The red arrow indicates extensive crystallisation at the extremity of the capillaries

Continuum-subtracted spectra of comet 3I obtained on August 28 and September 3+4. Three narrow FeI lines are detected on August 28 in this spectral range, FeI λ3719.93Å being the brightest

Orbital characterization of TOI-402 B around A using multiple datasets. (a): astrometric orbits of TOI-402 B around A. The blue filled circles are observed relative astrometry used in our analysis.

Application domain for mass measurements via small JWST atmospheric exploration programs. Size of known exoplanets with mass measurements (relative mass uncertainty, RMU, as color) versus their estimated TSM—data from Ref.37.

Examples of the template extraction from the atmospheric models at JWST’s spectral resolution (top panels) for three molecules, H2O (left column panels), CH4 (middle column panels) and CO (right column