Position of TOI-270 b relative to the cosmic shoreline. Escape velocity and cumulative XUV irradiation, computed using the scaling of Zahnle & Catling (2017), for all known exoplanets with equilibrium

Illustration of new research findings in the Lappajärvi crater, Finland, where traces of ancient life have been discovered in the crater’s fractures. The magnified section highlights the blue-marked fracture zones

Sum of water mass accreted by planets in the habitable zone of their respective stars (color lines) and disk mass fraction along the x-axis. Circle size represents average protoplanet mass

The Ross Ice Shelf at the Bay of Whales, Antarctica, and the Palmer in the background. (Credit: Michael Van Woert/ NOAA) Editor’s note: space agencies around the world have long

GJ 536 b and c in context. The upper panel shows the masses of known planets, for masses below 100 M⊕, and periods shorter than 1000 days, with the

Example of the uniform encoding grid of N 2 rectangles (with N = 30) used to encode the planets over the logarithm of the mass and semi-major axis of the

A view of the north pole of Mars, created by taking images as seen by the European Space Agency’s Mars Express spacecraft and applying topographic data from the Mars Orbiter