Graphical abstract Mars’ relatively moderate surface conditions, availability of solar energy, and in situ resources like water ice, carbon dioxide, and mineral-rich regolith make it a compelling target for supporting

SEM photomicrograph — Geology via PubMed Observations of morphology are commonly used to evaluate the biogenicity of terrestrial microfossils and could constitute a crucial line of evidence for extraterrestrial life‐detection

Hubble Space Telescope — NASA The new Hubble Spectroscopic Legacy Archive (HSLA) provides coadded spectra of individual targets that have been observed with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) and the

Global average climate maps of G-star exoplanets at low instellation (0.814 S/So) simulated with ocean salinities of 35 and 100 g/kg, from left to right, and planetary obliquity of 15

Interior pressure profiles as a function of depth for rocky bodies with varying surface gravities. Pressure increases linearly with depth according to P(z) = ρmantle × g × z, assuming

Flux-calibrated, continuum-subtracted optical spectra of comets 67P and 103P observed from HCT on November 9, 2021, and September 28, 2023, respectively, extracted within a 60″ aperture centered on the comet.