Artist’s impression of the approach of a swarm towards Proxima b; at this point, a few seconds before closest approach, the swarm could be examining the planet’s nightside for techno-

Sky map of the Lyα brightness seen from Europa for visit 12 (Jan 26, 2015) from interplanetary medium H scattering model (Pryor et al. 2024). The direction to the Sun

Time evolution of H2 mixing ratio for an atmosphere with 100% H2O. The heatmaps display vertical profiles over the 360-day simulation duration, with pressure (in bars) on the y-axis

(a) A tube with synthesized high-pressure material (tan and red regions) before collection. The origin of the color difference is unclear, but it is thought to be due to a

This artist’s impression compares the semi-heavy water content of the interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS (left) and Earth (right). Insets illustrate the relative abundance of deuterated water (HDO) molecules, showing that 3I/ATLAS

Artist’s impression of the planet Epsilon Indi Ab, with water clouds atop its ammonia-dominated atmosphere. Credit E. C. Matthews, MPIA / T. Müller, HdA A team of astronomers led by

Isolines of planet radius versus mass, extracting cross-sections from our grid of models by holding other variables constant (top-right text box). Top (a): sensitivity to instellation (colour) and atmosphere mass