Representative samples from selected Mars-Bench datasets, from all three task categories. — cs.CV Foundation models have enabled rapid progress across many specialized domains by leveraging large-scale pre-training on unlabeled data,

Top panel: Generalized Lomb–Scargle (GLS) periodogram of the TOI-1611 b O−C transit times, with the best periodicity highlighted by a red vertical line. Bottom panel: O−C measurements over time, with

Two models adapted for equilibrium conditions between magma ocean, atmosphere, and disk gas in the formation stage (Section 2.7). (A) case with an exchange of hydrogen and helium between the

Top: Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) model and 2σ credible regions from ExoTR retrievals on the fiducial reduction, overlaid with data binned at ∆λ = 0.05 µm. Also shown are the