NASA’s Phoenix mission in 2008 was the first to excavate down and capture photos of ice, pictured here, in the Mars equivalent of the Arctic Circle. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona/Texas

Researchers have long been interested in Saturn’s largest moon, Titan, and its icy environment, which harbours lakes, seas, sand dunes and a thick atmosphere full of nitrogen, methane, and complex

Upper panel: UV flux reaching the surface of the planet TOI-700 d for an Archean atmosphere, depicted in purple (fUV=1) and red (fUV=10), and a modern Earth-like atmosphere, in green

The continuum-divided spectra of the Saturnian satellites, in the region of the O-D absorption. The red line shows a gaussian fit to the data using a fixed width. Most satellites

ENFYS Infrared Spectrometer — Aberystwyth University The search for life on Mars takes a leap forward today, as a key instrument for a major space mission begins its journey from