Quantum computers and exoplanets: New view of distant worlds

• Exoplanets are difficult to detect and even harder to take images of. Is there a better way to do it?
• Quantum computers can be used to improve those images, scientists at Harvard University say. They also might even distinguish various molecules on the planets.
• The system would use two quantum computers, one made of diamonds and the other composed of extremely cold atoms.

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Quantum computers and exoplanets

Exoplanets – worlds orbiting distant stars – are difficult to detect, and they are even harder to take images of. But quantum computers might be able to improve those images.

Researchers from Harvard University said on January 12, 2026, that by combining two kinds of quantum computers – one made of diamonds and the other extremely cold atoms – astronomers could obtain clearer images of exoplanets.

Quantum computers use quantum mechanics for unprecedented processing power. Quantum mechanics is a bizarre yet fundamental physical theory that describes the behavior of matter and light.

Karmela Padavic-Callaghan wrote about the intriguing idea in New Scientist on January 12, 2026.

The new paper was accepted for publication in the journal PRX Quantum on December 12, 2025.

Quantum computers could help sharpen our images of exoplanets. The light emanating from alien worlds carries quantum information that can help produce better images of the planets.

— New Scientist (@newscientist.com) 2026-01-17T16:13:09.232Z

Faint signals from distant planets

Even the largest exoplanets are not easy to detect. Because they are so far away, their light is extremely faint, obscured by the much brighter light of their stars. The light from other stars can help hide them as well.

Directly imaging exoplanets is even more difficult. Out of the over 6,000 exoplanets found so far, only a small number have been photographed. And even then they still just look like dots of light. But that could soon change.

Using quantum methods to see exoplanets

This is where quantum computers come in. In the new study, Johannes Borregaard and his colleagues at Harvard University say that using quantum computers could significantly improve the resolution of the images.

With most other methods, it is difficult to process the weak signals – the photons in the light – coming from the planets. But quantum computers could have a huge advantage.

They would only require hundredths or even thousandths of the number of photons needed to create an image. As Cosmo Lupo at the Polytechnic University of Bari in Italy explained:

Photons obey the rules of quantum mechanics. Therefore, it is natural and it makes sense to investigate quantum methods to detect and process light coming, for example, from exoplanets.

It might even be possible to distinguish the “fingerprints” of various molecules on the planet.

Diamonds and extremely cold atoms

A quantum computer could store the quantum states of the incoming photons. Then, it would leverage their quantum properties to extract information about the exoplanet. This quantum computer would use specially engineered diamonds. Precisely constructed defects in these diamonds would be used to store and process these fragile quantum states of light.

It’s bafflingly advanced technology, and scientists are already using it for other purposes.

This first computer would then communicate the quantum states to the second quantum computer. This one is more sophisticated and would actually produce the images. Rather than diamonds, this computer would be composed of extremely cold atoms.

This concept for imaging exoplanets is still quite new. Astronomers have already used it, however, to image a star in the constellation Canis Minor. Lupo said:

I am thrilled to see how quantum computing will impact the field of imaging and astronomy in the future. The new work is an important first step in this direction.

Bottom line: Distant planets around other stars are difficult to image. But quantum computers could help astronomers see them better.

Source: Enhancing optical imaging via quantum computation

Via New Scientist

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