Growth tracks of a single planet injected at r = 3 AU and t = 104 yr. In the irradiated case (left), this results in the formation of a super-Earth

Altitude integrated joule heating for scale factors 1, 5, and 10. Gradient uses the same maximum value for visible demonstration of the changes between the images — astro-ph.EP Identifying Earth-like

The distribution of accretion parameters relative to steady state derived from the posteriors of the MCMC tests, separated based on the dominant atmospheric species. To compare accretion phases, we have

3D hydrodynamic simulation of atmospheric escape from Ref. 8, for a system similar to HAT-P-67 b. Figure 2a shows the gas density. The star is in the center of the