Archean Earth. Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/Francis Reddy The Eoarchean quartz-pyroxene rock from Akilia Island in Greenland has been proposed as one of Earth’s oldest banded iron formations (BIF)

The final F444W image produced via classical RDI optimized for extended source emission retrieval (FULL and Subarray combined), shown at a larger field of view to include the outer ring

Joint posterior constraints on the surface partial pressure of key atmospheric absorbers for atmospheric scenarios similar to solar system terrestrials, with N2 as the background gas. The color shadings correspond

Sulfuric acid phase diagram. The pressure in atm (y-axis) vs. temperature in K (x-axis). The large purple shaded region represents the theoretical liquid-phase boundary for 98% w/w concentrated sulfuric acid

Star: HD127423, Spectral Type:G0V, Observation Date/Time: 2013-06-01, 04:16:19.375. Top panel: reduced spectrum. Bottom panel: subsection of the corresponding CCD image for this wavelength range. — astro-ph.IM We examined archived observations

Reflectance spectrum of 3I/ATLAS. Also, Mahlke templates of S-, D- and Z-type asteroids are shown (Mahlke et al. 2022). Shaded areas indicate the standard deviations of the template spectra. —

The upper panel illustrates the mass loss processes and potential formation of graphite in sub-Neptune atmospheres within the graphitestability regime. The lower panel presents the atmospheric compositions calculated from the