(A) Map of the study area on Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut, Canada. The north arrow is valid for every panel. (B) Geological map of the region modified from Harrison and

Time evolution of mole fractions of organic molecules. The molecules represented by each chemical formula are as follows: hydrogen cyanide (HCN), formaldehyde (CH2O), methanol (CH3OH), formic acid (HCOOH), isocyanic acid

Phase-dependent measurements of Earth’s broadband visual apparent albedo, including historic observations from Danjon (1928). Mission or observing technique is indicated by datapoint color and shape. Uncertainties are indicated, which are

(a) Equatorial section of ur and (b) azimuthal section of uϕ showing a typical flow pattern for the metallic core-silicate magma ocean system for the default model D. — astro-ph.EP