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Dissimilarity analysis of evenness curves of amino acid assemblages. (a): Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) projection of dissimilarities between evenness curves, E(q). Points represent samples; distances between samples grow with dissimilarity. Edges

TRAPPIST-1 Status Report astro-ph.EP November 4, 2025 Filed under astro-ph.EP, astrogeology, exoplanet, M-dwarf, TRAPPIST-1, TRAPPIST-1 b, TRAPPIST-1 c, TRAPPIST-1 d, TRAPPIST-1 e, TRAPPIST-1 f, TRAPPIST-1 g Core–mantle partition coefficient of

Hektoria Glacier on Antarctica’s Eastern Peninsula experienced the fastest retreat recorded in modern history—in just two months, nearly 50 percent of the glacier disintegrated. This video illustrates how and why

Blue serpentinite mud from a newly discovered mud volcano in a gravity core. The samples have been studied by a team in order to decipher the survival strategies of microorganisms.

The temperature versus depth and time for 𝜅 = 10−4 W m−1 K−1 , 10−3 W m−1 K−1, and 10−2 W m−1 K−1 (top, middle, and bottom panels). The sublimation

Schematic illustration of interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS showing the expected stratigraphy of an irradiated nucleus. Galactic cosmic ray irradiation over several Gyr alters the outer ∼15–20 m, producing a CO2-rich crust

Oort Cloud — NASA Most stars form in dense stellar environments, where frequent close encounters can strongly perturb and reshape the early architecture of planetary systems. The solar system, with

New research uses laboratory experiments to demonstrate that water is naturally created during the planet formation process. By squeezing and heating planetary analog materials between the tips of two diamonds,

Extremeophiles and Extreme Environments Status Report Extremophiles via PubMed November 3, 2025 Nature is home to a wide range of species that thrive in extreme conditions. Despite the identification and

Illustration of atmosphere–mantle–core coupling across rocky embryos to gas-rich planets. Mantle convection acts as a planetary-scale “conveyor belt,” facilitating chemical communication between the atmosphere and the core. The efficiency of