JWST Edge-on Disk Ice (JEDIce): Program Overview And Ice Survey Results

The icy material within protoplanetary disks plays a central role in planet formation, yet remains poorly characterized by observations. We present 1.6-28μm spectra of five disks obtained as part of the JWST Edge-on Disk Ice (JEDIce) program, representing the largest survey of disk ices to date.

The major ice species H₂O, CO₂, and CO are detected towards all disks, and exhibit a wide range of absolute optical depths and optical depth ratios across the sample. This is suggestive of a range of ice abundances and compositions, but quantitative constraints will require radiative transfer modeling.

All disks exhibit ice features across the entire spatial region where the IR continuum is detected; vertically elevated ice grains therefore seem to be ubiquitous in disks. The CO ice is consistently dominated by apolar CO:CO₂ mixtures, implying that the disk ice compositions are neither completely reset nor pristinely inherited from the protostellar stage.

The presence of these mixtures also suggests that entrapment may be important in shaping the spatial distribution of CO within the disks. Small molecules commonly seen in protostellar ices (CH₄, CH₃OH, NH₃) are generally not detected in our sample, though tracers of ammonium salts (OCN− and the 6.85 μm band) are common, potentially reflecting an evolution towards comet-like ice compositions.

The spectra also contain a wealth of information about the micron-sized dust, atomic and molecular gas, and PAH content, which together with the ice constraints will provide a comprehensive picture of the chemical, physical, and dynamical state of these systems.

Jennifer B. Bergner, Nicole Arulanantham, Emmanuel Dartois, Maria N. Drozdovskaya, Daniel Harsono, Melissa McClure, Jennifer A. Noble, Karin I. Öberg, Klaus M. Pontoppidan, Yao-Lun Yang, Korash Assani, Zhi-Yun Li, Julia C. Santos, Will E. Thompson, Lukas Welzel, Elizabeth S. Yunerman, Aditya M. Arabhavi, Alice S. Booth, Charles Mentzer, Mayank Narang, Thomas Henning, Inga Kamp, Giulia Perotti, Alice Somigliana

Comments: Accepted to ApJ
Subjects: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP); Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Cite as: arXiv:2603.18163 [astro-ph.EP] (or arXiv:2603.18163v1 [astro-ph.EP] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.18163
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Submission history
From: Jennifer Bergner
[v1] Wed, 18 Mar 2026 18:02:15 UTC (10,473 KB)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.18163
Astrobiology, Astrochemistry,