Weaving Life Into Regolith: Engineered Autotrophic-Heterotrophic Consortia For Autonomous Biofabrication From Granular Feedstocks

Long-duration human missions to Mars will require autonomous systems capable of converting in situ resources into structural materials, tools, and functional components. More broadly, such systems represent a class of resource-limited bioprocesses relevant to extreme-environment manufacturing.

Here, we investigate engineered autotrophic-heterotrophic consortia, inspired by lichen biology, as a platform for autonomous biofabrication from granular feedstocks. We experimentally screened filamentous fungi and paired them with diazotrophic cyanobacteria to identify mutually supportive consortia capable of sustained growth and biomineral production in the presence of Martian regolith simulant as the primary inorganic substrate, without external organic carbon or nitrogen inputs.

Selected co-cultures exhibited evidence of metabolic coupling, and untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed coordinated reprogramming consistent with integrated carbon and nitrogen metabolism within the consortia. These systems facilitated mineral consolidation of regolith particles, demonstrating the feasibility of near-closed-loop biomineral production under resource-limited conditions.

While integration with additive manufacturing remains conceptual, this study establishes a framework for engineering self-sustaining microbial consortia for biomaterials production and highlights opportunities for coupling metabolism with material synthesis in both extraterrestrial and terrestrial environments.

Nisha Rokaya, Erin C. Carr, Kumar Shrestha, Richard A. Wilson, Yong Huang, Congrui Jin

Subjects: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB); Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP); Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM); Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
Cite as: arXiv:2406.02522 [q-bio.CB](or arXiv:2406.02522v4 [q-bio.CB] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2406.02522
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Submission history
From: Congrui Jin
[v1] Tue, 4 Jun 2024 17:41:25 UTC (15,170 KB)
[v2] Fri, 7 Jun 2024 20:01:31 UTC (15,170 KB)
[v3] Thu, 13 Jun 2024 19:55:48 UTC (15,169 KB)
[v4] Thu, 30 Apr 2026 18:08:50 UTC (10,075 KB)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.02522

Astrobiology, SynBio,