Astrobiology22- Page

An example of a three-dimensional cube depicting the spatial dimensions and a visible spectral dimension. A 3D cube is one of the main data products from an Integral Field Spectrograph.

Graphical Abstract — astro-ph.GA Surface chemistry on interstellar dust grains is recognized as a central component in astrochemical models, representing a plausible formation route for many of the observed complex

Origin & Evolution of Life Status Report chemrxiv.org January 23, 2026 Unity of biopolymer biosynthesis, assembly and recalcitrance is predicted by chemical evolution. Each biopolymer is synthesized by condensation-dehydration chemistry,

Selection protocol used to isolate ligase ribozymes. An RNA library containing a partially randomized sequence (depicted in purple) derived from an AIP-ligase18 was challenged with an RNA substrate (depicted in

Representative sections of (a) 1M⊕ and (b) 10M⊕ planets as a function of depth and pressure. Both were created using the Perple X software with the thermodynamic database of Stixrude

Locations of camera components within the Dragonfly spacecraft. — astro-ph.IM The DragonCam Microscopic Camera is an instrument being developed for NASA’s Dragonfly mission to Saturn’s moon Titan. The Microscopic

(A) In modern lifeforms, cellular traits and functions are controlled by genetic information encoded in DNA sequences. Mutations generate sequence diversity, and when this diversity leads to differences in fitness,

Tropical Ocean on Earth — Grok via Astrobiology.com The tropical oceans that once served as oxygen-rich havens for Earth’s earliest complex life have become the planet’s largest marine dead zones.

A scanning electron micrograph of the planktic foraminifer Parvularugoglobigerina eugubina. The evolution of this species ~6,400 years after the Chicxulub impact marks the top of the first plantkic foraminifer biozone