Schematic illustration of interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS showing the expected stratigraphy of an irradiated nucleus. Galactic cosmic ray irradiation over several Gyr alters the outer ∼15–20 m, producing a CO2-rich crust

Oort Cloud — NASA Most stars form in dense stellar environments, where frequent close encounters can strongly perturb and reshape the early architecture of planetary systems. The solar system, with

New research uses laboratory experiments to demonstrate that water is naturally created during the planet formation process. By squeezing and heating planetary analog materials between the tips of two diamonds,

Extremeophiles and Extreme Environments Status Report Extremophiles via PubMed November 3, 2025 Nature is home to a wide range of species that thrive in extreme conditions. Despite the identification and

Illustration of atmosphere–mantle–core coupling across rocky embryos to gas-rich planets. Mantle convection acts as a planetary-scale “conveyor belt,” facilitating chemical communication between the atmosphere and the core. The efficiency of

Illustration of the behaviour of the CARMENES visible channel CRX for the mid-M dwarf EV Lac. Top Left: Variation of RV as a function of wavelength (spacing is logarithmic). The

UT Austin Habitability Prize The Astronomy Department and the Center for Planetary Systems Habitability (CPSH) at the University of Texas at Austin invite applications for an institutional prize postdoctoral fellowship.