Summary of representative locations in the Arabian Peninsula that could be employed as analog sites for astrobiological studies. Colors denote environment types (green: salt flats, dark blue: deep-sea brine pools,

Enceladus — NASA At some point in Earth’s history, chemistry transitioned from abiotic organic synthesis—the building of more complicated organic molecules from smaller ones by nonbiological means—to biochemistry. Hydrothermal settings

Representative organic matter in Chang’e-6 (A–B) and Chang’e-5 (C–D) lunar soils. Secondary electron images acquired by scanning electron microscopy overlaid with carbon elemental maps from energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Credit Image by

Pressure–temperature (P–T) conditions of our experiments compared to phase diagram of the CO2–H2O system. Red dots correspond to actual P–T conditions at various stages of ice preparation. Dashed lines are

Hydrogen cyanide – Wikipedia Recent advances in prebiotic chemistry suggest that hydrogen cyanide (HCN) serves as a fundamental precursor for nearly all essential biomolecules and protometabolic processes for life’s emergence.

The mass versus orbital distance of currently discovered and characterized exoplanets. Solar system planets are indicated as well. The hexagonal icons, indicating spectroscopic characterization studied done using JWST, are adopted