Astrobiology161- Page

A classification scheme for volatile-rich sub-Neptunes. The schematic compares different types of sub-Neptunes with H2 and H2O dominated atmospheres as a function of the equilibrium temperature and H2 content. Ice

Journey of a noncanonical amino acid into a polypeptide. The cell takes up the ncAA from its environment or biosynthesizes it. The ncAA should not interfere with the host metabolism

Sensitivity analysis of our model to the oxygen atom diffusion energy for CO2 ice (dashed lines) and FA (suming c-t abundances). Values are represented with respect to H2O column density-

This study investigates the relative contributions of brine composition and UV photochemistry in biosignature preservation in hypersaline environments on Earth and in space using Halobacterium salinarum cell envelopes. — Nature

This study investigates the formation of carbon dioxide clathrate hydrates under conditions simulating interstellar environments, a process of significant astrophysical and industrial relevance. — ACS Omega via PubMed This study

The 3σ upper limits found for this study (gray squares) for C6H2 (A) and C4N2 (B) along with previous studies of the upper limits. Also included are the photochemical model

Raw B band polarization measurements of HD 189733 obtained at Gemini North on UT 1 to 7 Aug 2018, which are dominated by observations on the last night (gold points).

Prototype mode scrambler with a four-bar linkage crank-rocker design, built using LEGO Technic elements. Compare with Figure 11. The test fiber is the black cable, and is tied down to

A researcher holds a vibrant green sample of thermophilic cyanobacteria collected from a hot spring in Yellowstone’s Lower Geyser Basin. National Park Service photo by Samantha Hilburn, August 2025. Research