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Energy level diagram of the C + NH3 + CO reaction. The reaction proceeds from left to right. It starts with a triplet state; the intersystem crossings to the singlet

For the second stage of our analysis pipeline, outputs were further evaluated using a livability index L (scaled between 0 and 1). Among the 51 Mars-positive samples, the mean livability

The magnetopause standoff distance of a planet orbiting our stellar sample. The theoretical decay of the Parker model (blue) and that measured in the solar system (red) are used in

Summary of different extracellular electron transfer (EET) pathways. While it is common to classify EET based on the nature and function of the mediators, here the emphasis is on the

Astronaut Loral O’Hara using the Kibo laboratory module’s Life Science Glovebox — NASA Biofilms are a community of microorganisms that can form on any surface, posing several challenges and significant

Spatiotemporal Impacts of Enceladus- and Earth-relevant Ammonia Gas On Cultivation of Extremophile Halomonas meridiana One underexplored aspect of microbial growth is the impact of toxic gases transported through the atmosphere.

The mixing ratios of CH4, H2O, CO, NH3, NO and CO2 across varying intensities of vertical mixing. The dotted line (Case 0) corresponds to the case where there is no

NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover generated this mineral map showing the presence of two minerals – vivianite (purple and pink) and greigite (dull yellow and green) – on the surface of

The NSF Green Bank Telescope. Credit: NSF/AUI/NSF NRAO/J.Hellerman A groundbreaking new dataset from the U.S. National Science Foundation Green Bank Telescope (NSF GBT) is now publicly available, opening the door

The Discovery Building at Rothera Research Station, Antarctica. Image credit: BAM The 2025 – 2026 Antarctic season is a landmark for the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) and its Antarctic Infrastructure