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Time evolution of mole fractions of organic molecules. The molecules represented by each chemical formula are as follows: hydrogen cyanide (HCN), formaldehyde (CH2O), methanol (CH3OH), formic acid (HCOOH), isocyanic acid

Phase-dependent measurements of Earth’s broadband visual apparent albedo, including historic observations from Danjon (1928). Mission or observing technique is indicated by datapoint color and shape. Uncertainties are indicated, which are

(a) Equatorial section of ur and (b) azimuthal section of uϕ showing a typical flow pattern for the metallic core-silicate magma ocean system for the default model D. — astro-ph.EP

Europa Clipper’s radar instrument received echoes of its very-high-frequency radar signals that bounced off Mars and were processed to develop this radargram. What looks like a skyline is the outline

NASA Science Mission Directorate C.2 Solar System Science solicits proposals for research, data analysis, data preservation, and tools that support investigations to help ascertain the content, origin, and evolution of the

Modern-day Earth estimates of reservoirs and fluxes of the slow carbon system considered in our model, in units of gigatonnes of carbon (GtC, 1012 kgC) from C.-T. Lee et al.

Artistic impression of the Proxima Centauri system, with the planets Proxima b and Proxima d, the latter confirmed by NIRPS. Credit: Gabriel Pérez Díaz (IAC) The new infrared spectrograph NIRPS,

Fluorescence microscopy image of marine microbial life stained with a DNA-binding dye. The smallest dots are virus-like particles, which can reach concentrations of 1 to 100 million per milliliter of

Water/Hycean Worlds & Oceanography Press Release Science China Press August 1, 2025 (a) Reconstruction of the onset and spreading of the Proto-Tethys Ocean at ca. 620 Ma after the breakup